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The majority of documented social accountability initiatives to date have been ‘tactical’ in nature, employing single-tool, mostly community-based approaches. This article provides lessons from a ‘strategic’, multi-tool, multi-level social accountability project: UNICEF’s ‘Social Accountability for Every Woman Every Child’ intervention in Malawi.
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In development, there have been a considerable number of calls from academics, practitioners, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), community leadership, and grassroots activists to ground development principles and efforts in people’s own experiences, using their own cultural resources. It is important because grounding development in people’s own experiences represents a shift away from the paternalism of the past and recognizes the lived realities of beneficiary communities and,...
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This research snapshot examines the practice of Theatre for Development (TfD) in Malawi. It argues that, recently, Malawian TfD has been restricted to a tool for advancing the agendas and the goals of local NGOs funders rather than a real process of community transformation. It suggests that Paulo Freire’s problem-posing, or dialogical pedagogy — a method of learning where teacher and learner, as equals, engage in a collaborative process of problem exploration and solution finding — has been...
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Theatre for a Change (TfaC) uses innovative strategies to empower vulnerable and marginalized groups through positive behaviour change and advocacy of gender and sexual equality. Adapting their practice from Augusto Boal's Forum Theatre, TfaC's aims to change attitudes towards gender and sexuality in specific communities within Malawi. When TfaC recognized that the Protagonist in their Forum Plays was predominantly female, re-enforcing the stereotype of women within these communities, they...
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What can explain the apparent lack of political will to formulate, implement and monitor the budget process and public financial management in accordance with the overall goals of the Malawi Poverty Reduction Strategy (MPRS)? Using qualitative methodology the findings are drawn from the content of documents, transcripts of interviews and to some extent, direct observations. 62 key informant interviews (KII) were carried out with stakeholders in the budget process from government, civil...
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This paper argues that the most important element in health care strategy is community participation. If social welfare is to be effectively improved it must involve the people in making their own decisions and taking their own actions. Using popular theatre as a means of communication and education, the Liwonde Primary Health Care Unit in the Southern Region of Malawi has succeeded to motivate residents of two rural communities to actively involve themselves in primary health care...
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This paper describes an experiment, intitiated in 1985, in linking performing arts with primary health care campaigns in Machinga and Zomba districts in Malawi. The groups participating were the Primary Health Care Unit of the Liwonde Agricultural Development Division and the University of Malawi's Theatre for Development. The theatre group had already established aesthetic and organisational strategies to ensure that the communities where they peformed not only had their interests genuinely...
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Theatre workers in the Third World have largely rejected both the outward trappings and the underlying aesthetic assumptions of the colonial styles they first inherited: but the impulse to evolve or rediscover indigenous forms has often involved the imposition of a would-be ‘popular’ theatre form by an elite of university-educated animateurs. David Kerr has described these as ‘induced’ forms, and here analyzes the process by which one such experiment, in Malawi, was both adopted and...
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